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Elementary arithmetic is the simplified portion of arithmetic that includes the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It should not be confused with elementary function arithmetic. Elementary arithmetic starts with the natural numbers and the written symbols (digits) that represent them. The process for combining a pair of these numbers with the four basic operations traditionally relies on memorized results for small values of numbers, including the contents of a multiplication table to assist with multiplication and division. Elementary arithmetic also includes fractions and negative numbers, which can be represented on a number line. ==The digits== (詳細はnumeral system, a single digit represents a different amount than any other digit, although the symbols in the same numeral system might vary between cultures. In modern usage, the Arabic numerals are the most common set of symbols, and the most frequently used form of these digits is the Western style. Each single digit matches the following amounts: 0, zero. Used in the absence of objects to be counted. For example, a different way of saying "there are no sticks here", is to say "the number of sticks here is 0". 1, one. Applied to a single item. For example, here is one stick: I 2, two. Applied to a pair of items. Here are two sticks: I I 3, three. Applied to three items. Here are three sticks: I I I 4, four. Applied to four items. Here are four sticks: I I I I 5, five. Applied to five items. Here are five sticks: I I I I I 6, six. Applied to six items. Here are six sticks: I I I I I I 7, seven. Applied to seven items. Here are seven sticks: I I I I I I I 8, eight. Applied to eight items. Here are eight sticks: I I I I I I I I 9, nine. Applied to nine items. Here are nine sticks: I I I I I I I I I Any numeral system defines the value of all numbers that contain more than one digit, most often by addition of the value for adjacent digits. The Hindu–Arabic numeral system includes positional notation to determine the value for any numeral. In this type of system, the increase in value for an additional digit includes one or more multiplications with the radix value and the result is added to the value of an adjacent digit. With Arabic numerals, the radix value of ten produces a value of twenty-one (equal to 2×10 + 1) for the numeral "21". An additional multiplication with the radix value occurs for each additional digit, so the numeral "201" represents a value of two-hundred-and-one (equal to 2×10×10 + 0×10 + 1). The elementary level of study typically includes understanding the value of individual whole numbers using Arabic numerals with a maximum of seven digits, and performing the four basic operations using Arabic numerals with a maximum of four digits each. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elementary arithmetic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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